recv()

Receive a message from a socket

Synopsis:

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

int recv( int s,
          void * buf,
          size_t len,
          int flags );

Description:

The recv() function receives a message from a socket. It's normally used only on a connected socket-see connect()-and is identical to recvfrom() with a zero from parameter.

This routine returns the length of the message on successful completion. If a message is too long for the supplied buffer, buf, then excess bytes might be discarded, depending on the type of socket that the message is received from-see socket().

If no messages are available at the socket, the receive call waits for a message to arrive, unless the socket is nonblocking-see ioctl()-in which case -1 is returned and the external variable errno is set to EWOULDBLOCK. Normally, the receive calls return any data available, up to the requested amount, rather than wait for the full amount requested; this behavior is affected by the socket-level options SO_RCVLOWAT and SO_RCVTIMEO described in getsockopt().

The select() call may be used to determine when more data is to arrive.

The flags argument to a recv() call is formed by "ORing" one or more of the values:

MSG_OOB: Process out-of-band data. This flag requests receipt of out-of-band data that wouldn't be received in the normal data stream. This flag can't be used with protocols that place expedited data at the head of the normal data queue.
MSG_PEEK: Peek at incoming message. This flag causes the receive operation to return data from the beginning of the receive queue without removing that data from the queue. Thus, a subsequent receive call will return the same data.
MSG_WAITALL: Wait for full request or error. This flag requests that the operation block until the full request is satisfied. But the call may still return less data than requested if a signal is caught, if an error or disconnect occurs, or if the next data to be received is of a different type than that returned.

Returns:

The number of bytes received, or -1 if an error occurs (errno is set).

Errors:

EBADF: Invalid descriptor s.
EFAULT: The receive buffer pointer(s) point outside the process's address space.
EINTR: The receive was interrupted by delivery of a signal before any data was available.
ENOTCONN: The socket is associated with a connection-oriented protocol and hasn't been connected; see connect() and accept().
EWOULDBLOCK: Either the socket is marked nonblocking and the receive operation would block, or a receive timeout had been set and the timeout expired before data was received.

Classification:

Standard Unix, POSIX 1003.1g (draft)

Safety:
Interrupt handler	No
Signal handler	No
Thread	Yes